Carp Reaction Paper

REACTION PAPER: COMPREHENSIVE AGRARIAN REFORM PROGRAM For a long period of time, Philippine land was owned by the private sectors. This started during the Spanish regime when the land was primarily owned by the large landlords and the friars. The Philippine farmers found it hard to acquire land during that time because the only basis for ownership is ancestral domain ship. Agrarian rights were established during the American occupation, but only few initiatives were given and the rich families still continue to own the Philippine land. The first comprehensive agrarian reform order was attempted in the country in 1972. A month after the martial law, President Marcos issued Presidential Decree no. 27 making the Philippines a land reform nation. This reform order states that an individual cannot own more than seven hectares of land. The remaining area will be given out in portions to individual tenants. The tenant may acquire a maximum of 3 hectares of irrigated land or 5 hectares of unused land in exchange for payments such as royalty taxes, etc. This reform program was unpopular thus making it a total failure. On June 22, 1987, President Corazon Aquino outlined the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL) through Presidential Proclamation 131 and Executive Order 229. The law was enacted by the 8th Congress of the Philippines and signed by former President Aquino on June 10, 1988. The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law is the basis of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) which was the centerpiece program of President Corazon Aquino’s Administration. The program was said to have an underlying political motivation for it formed one of the major points against Marcos during President Aquino’s Presidential campaign. The essence of CARP is asset revaluation or redistribution of wealth so that the landless farmers can have access to capital resources in order to promote their welfare. Its aim is the equitable distribution and ownership of land to the tiller and to provide opportunities for a dignified quality of life to the Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries (ARBs). To accomplish these objectives, provisions were made for adequate support services for rural development and economic-size farms were established as the basis of Philippine Agriculture. The program was given a special fund of P50 billion. The sources of the Agrarian Reform Fund was proceeds of the sale of the Assets of the Asset Privatization Trust (ATP), the sale of the ill-gotten wealth recovered through the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG) and other appropriate sources. The CARP has an 8. 1 million hectare scope. The Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) was assigned to distribute 4. 3 million while the Department of Environment and Natural Resources was assigned with 3. 8 million hectares to distribute. As of December 2005, it was reported that The Department of Agrarian Reform had distributed 3. 5 million hectares and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 2. 93 million hectares. Even though the DAR and the DENR distributed a large number of lands, it didn’t reach the goal set in the program. â€Å"Twenty Years later, the Government’s land reform effort has woefully short of its goals – by some 1. 3 million hectares of private farmland† (Facts not Slogan, t he Business Mirror) The distribution of land to the tiller is below the expected target. It was not accomplished during the first term of CARP which was 10 years. The government’s slowness in land transfer activities is because of the following factors: 1. lack of political will to implement agrarian reform 2. manifest in operational and legal bottlenecks 3. blockades by big land owners who have seats in Congress and posts in the Government bureaucracy But the main reason was the lack of resources to fund the program. The actual requirement estimated by the Presidential Agrarian Reform Council (PARC) in 1987 was 221. 09 billion to ensure the program’s full implementation. However, only P100 billion was given under the law. The fund provided was less than half of what is required. There were numerous issues concerning the implementation of CARP. The biggest of which is the lack of support services for the ARBs to ensure the productivity of the lands that were distributed to the farmers. â€Å"Then there is the matter of official commitment to the program—or rather, the lack of it. Frequently cited is a study in Negros Occidental, which showed that 97 percent of agrarian-reform beneficiaries (ARBs) have received no government support services, that 41 percent of ARBs have either abandoned or sold the rights to the land awarded to them under the CARP, that 98. percent of ARBs have not paid land taxes, etc. Moreover, Negros Occidental has remained a hotbed of insurgent activity. † (Facts, not Slogans. Business Mirror) â€Å"Beneficiaries of land reform also lacked sufficient support to make their farms viable. Ownership is just one step in making a decent living out of farmland. The owner needs agricultural know-how as well as technical and financi al resources to plant the right crops at the right time, and use the proper pesticides and fertilizers. At harvest time he needs access to post-harvest facilities, and then assistance in marketing his crops. Knowledge of crop rotation could maximize the use of a small farmland. † (The Promise of Agrarian Reform. The Philippine Star, 6/02/09) â€Å"There weren’t enough farm-to-market roads, processing and distribution facilities, irrigation and market support. † Because of the absence of these minimum requirements, a number of CARP Beneficiaries were prompted to sell their farms, sometimes to â€Å"buyers† hired by the original owners. Without the necessary support, ownership is useless. Another problem is landowner resistance. The poor implementation of the program is the reason why private agricultural lands remain undistributed. A common carp loophole used by landowners to escape relinquishing their lands is through the reclassification of their land into residential, commercial and industrial lands which are excluded from CARP. Just this year, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed the extension of the Agrarian Reform Program, Republic Act No. 9700 or the CARP Extension and Reform Law (CARPer), which allocated P150 billion for agrarian reform, to be distributed in five years. Sixty percent of the budget will go to land acquisition and forty percent to support services. â€Å"The new law, a consolidation of House Bill 4077 and Senate Bill 2666, is called CARP Extension with Reforms (CARPer) and extends the program from July 1, 2009, to June 30, 2014. It provides a P150-billion outlay for the acquisition and distribution of 1. 6 million hectares of all agricultural lands, as well as support services for 1. 2 million farmer-beneficiaries. † (Booster Shot for Agrarian Reform. Business Mirror) â€Å"The reforms in RA 9700 include provisions on the sourcing of the funds, which will allow the Department of Agrarian Reform to target the acquisition and distribution of the remaining 1 million hectares or so of agricultural lands covered by CARP at a much faster pace; the creation of a joint Congressional Oversight Committee on Agrarian Reform, or COCAR, to closely monitor the implementation of the new law; the strengthening of the ban on land-use conversion by landowners eager to avoid CARP, by extending the scope of the ban to allow no exceptions, by levying heavier penalties for illegal conversion of agricultural land into non-agricultural use and by mandating the automatic coverage of converted land if the conversion is unimplemented or its terms violated—thus legislating the lesson from the Sumilao farmers’ issue. † (CARPer, Right and Wrong. Philippine Daily Inquirer) CONCLUSION In my opinion, the government focused only on distributin g lands and not in the other objectives that were stated in the law. As pointed out in the editorials which I’ve read. It’s not enough to own land in order to become prosperous in agriculture. A farmer needs the necessary equipment to harvest his crops and also knowledge in marketing in order to sell his crops. A poor farmer even if given rights to own land won’t be able to change financial status because what is given to him is not enough. As for the loopholes in the CARP, I hope the implementation of the CARPer will resolve the problem concerning the evasion of redistribution of estates. The revised CARPer should target the weaknesses of the old program and make sure that the implementation would be better this time than the previous program. The Philippines is still far from accomplishing agrarian reform even after 50 years. If they keep it up in this rate, it’ll take a very long time to lift our Filipino farmers from poverty.

Chick-fil-A: Bird of a Different Feather Case Essay

Chick-fil-A is known for their famous Chick-fil-A sandwich, but also for their private, family –controlled ownership structure, philosophy on management and biblical principles. Chick-fil-A uses the differentiation strategy to set them apart from other fast-food chains. Chick-fil-A mission was â€Å"To glorify God by being faithful steward of all that is entrusted to us and to have a positive attitude influence on all who come in contact with Chick-fil-A†, and to be â€Å"America’s best quick-serve restaurant.† One of their strategies they use to set them apart was focusing on people. This strategy included interview process, golden rule, consistent management, and loyalty and relationship. When it came to focusing on people. Mr. Cathy would stress over loyalty & relationship by stating that he would rather sacrifice growth and profit and focus more on a personal relationship. This strategy was based off his Golden Rule, which revolved around being closed on Sundays, holidays, and shortening hours. Mr. Cathy believed that Sundays were for worshiping the Lord and as for holidays and short hours were for his operators and employees to spend time with their love ones. He believed in being very loyal to his operators and treating them as they wished to be treated and in return. By doing so Chick-fil-A provides consistent management and ends up with a chance of low turnover rates and also by making sure that other Chick-fil-A chain restaurants were trained up on their knowledge management. This course helped manage people and their knowledge in the organization. These strategies have help Chick-fil-A build a customer base and receive plenty of awards for customer service. These factors play a role as well in their interview process. When it comes to hiring operators Chick-fil-A believes in carefully screening each candidate and going through a yearlong interview process. Also including in their business track records, religious standing, and community involvement which helps promotes Chick-fil-A to the community. As for other differentiation strategy Chick-fil-A, uses that are important to them are first, their company structure. Chick-fil-A is structured by having low debt and a being privately owned. Second, are their requirements for franchises meaning having a startup fee of $5,000, which allowed them to receive 15% annual sales revenue and a 50% of the net profit. Third, is their marketing and corporate service responsibilities approach and use of cows. Chick-fil-A marketing strategy consist of low advertising, not giving customer any frequent-buyer card, but have customer register through their website to win free meals and of course cow appreciation day. Customers would dress up in a cow suite and would receive a free meal as well. Last, was their succession planning, since Chick-fil-A has a strong family involvement there is a 30% chance that will go to the second generation, 12% to the third and 3% to the fourth. As for controversy, it was not until July of 2012 when Dan Cathy made a statement saying that he stands for the biblical meaning of marriage. This statement came off as criticism towards gay couples and their marriages. The statement that was made had so much volume that gay right supporters came out to boycott. It also made people start to question the extent of ownership and their views affecting and causing long-term viability meaning their company culture. Chick-fil-A also received support from Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee by holding Chick-fil-A appreciation day on August 1, 2012. Customers came out to show their support and waiting in line for hours to be served. Due to the controversy Chick-fil-A, market share went up 0.6% and their awareness went by 6.5%. I believe in order for Chick-fil-A to continue stand apart from other fast-food restaurants they should have incorporated many other voices across all business units when dealing with media exposure. It is okay for them to stand strong and firm in their beliefs on family and marriage, but they should not judge someone else or criticize them for wanting to be different. If their strategy is about focusing on the people, they should show more focus on attracting more ethnicity and low household income to eat at Chick-fil-A and be a part of their restaurant. They should also take the time to get to know the gay community and have an understanding of their beliefs as well. They do not have to agree with everything but can come to some kind of agreement or  support towards gay rights. By doing so this can help increased their sales even more and continue to set them apart from other fast-food restaurants.

Reading Response 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading Response 1 - Essay Example not only aimed at spreading the gospel, but had the interest of taking the land of the local people with the pretense they were teaching the people how to use land and the new gospel. The result was grievous execution and torture of the locals who refused to embrace the new teachings and were unwelcoming to strangers. Instead of preaching a gospel of peace, Christians perpetrated mass execution of the locals torturing them by burning them alive and dismembering their bodies, among other atrocities. Children and women bore the wrath of the Christians whose gospel was opposite of their actions. In the name of the gospel, a large population of the Indies people was eliminated, the rest were taken as slaves to work for the benefit of the same Christians, who continued to gather wealth while the locals struggled to suffer in poverty. The locals were denied food despite working in extreme conditions to enrich the missionaries in their own land and using their own blood and resources (Casas 34). The main aim behind the colonialists’ atrocities in the Indies was to weaken the resistance of the locals. There was a thin line between spreading the gospel in Christianity in such Asian regions and exploring the land for resources to enrich the colonialists’ mother countries. Most of the early missionaries turned to be political elements who explored new lands and resources for their mother countries, and the Indies was not an exceptional. The locals were harsh and unwelcome to the colonialists, as a response, the colonialists had to use cruel methods to deter any resistance from the locals and to weaken the resistance of the people towards receiving new instructions. Women and children were easier to deal with, which explains the mass execution of males; moreover, as political figures, the missionaries had to use cheap labor to attain maximum benefits from exploiting resources in the Indies, which degenerated into slave trade. One of the greatest impacts of colonialism

Chapter 7 & 8 essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chapter 7 & 8 - Essay Example Languages are made by the people all over the world and all kinds of humans can practice the use of language to speak. It is a channel to the public truth, serving the citizens to study the actions in their region and to sort out their feelings. It also brings about harmony inhuman lives. Generally, a speaker can make up a range of verbal terms and expressions that are entirely understandable by the speakers of language. The people from different cultures use different styles of language and it will be different from person to person and also to the country and cultures. Such styles will be a sign of the cultural values of the people or the country. English is spoken by majority of people all over the world. But there are different varieties of English across the world. People use different form of accents according to the geographical structure of that place. There are dialects in many countries which are the language varieties used by people. Normally these are not formally correct language, but all of these are meant for communication and people use these dialects or other forms of slang’s which can be understood by other people. Thus, language, through informal, can be used for communication. â€Å"Speakers of a particular dialect often believe their language variety is the best, correct, and standard way to speak. They may even believe that their language variety is so standard that it is not even considered a dialect.† (Chapter 7). Verbal languages are developed from a diverse form of non-linguistic interactions which were primarily derived from animal ancestors. This diversity of non-linguistic action to converse with one another are formulated through the actions, touching, odor, and substantial looks. These non vocal interactions, when shared with the spoken form of communication scheme, make the platform for interaction through which human beings come to be familiar with and know

H&M and their Blue Ocean and Red Ocean Strategy Essay

H&M and their Blue Ocean and Red Ocean Strategy - Essay Example This paper talks about a brief history of the company H&M and the strategies that it has used and is using that have contributed majorly to their growth and expansion. The paper focuses on two very different strategies, the Blue Ocean Strategy and the Red Ocean Strategy and their characteristics. It attempts to answer whether H&M really used the Blue Ocean Strategy or were they only able to utilize strategies in the Red Ocean. Anyone who is fashion-forward and fashion-conscious would certainly recognize the brand name H&M. Popular for selling and creating trendy pieces at an affordable price, it is no wonder that a lot of people choose to buy from the retail store. Created by Erling Persson in the year 1947, the company H&M had its roots back in Sweden as a fashion retail store that sold only women’s clothing. His first store was named Hennes, the Swedish equivalent of â€Å"hers†. Twenty one years later, the name was changed to â€Å"Hennes and Mauritz† after Persson purchased a hunting store located in Stockholm named Mauritz Widforss. The hunting store sold not only supplies for hunting, but men’s wear as well. It was only then that the store catered to both men and women’s fashion. Over the years, H&M continued to expand and opened numerous stores all over Europe. Their clothing line expanded to cater to men, women, teens, and children. H&M opened their stores in several countries such as USA, Canada, Dubai, Kuwait, Hongkong, China, and Japan. The fashion label will also open stores in Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, and South Korea by 2010. The company line also offers online shopping limited to countries in Europe namely Austria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Holland, Norway, Sweden, and Swedish Finland. In the past, the H&M also featured one-time collections made by popular, well- known designers such as Karl Lagerfeld back in 2004 and Stella McCartney in the year 2005, and Viktor & Rolf in

Agriculture and the European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Agriculture and the European Union - Essay Example The European Union (EU) has undergone a great deal of renegotiations over the past several decades, indeed changing its own titles and formats until finally it resembled the EU of today; a European-wide economic organization focused on the homogenisation of the European economic state. The purpose of this supranationalism has been simply to increase trade throughout Europe and to facilitate this goal it has been the duty of EU government officials to closely monitor agricultural policies in member states. In 2004, the European enlargement agreement was drafted so that the organisation might have some framework from which to actually govern the growing EU, with member states reaching from Great Britain right into eastern Europe as ex-Soviet states bid for entry1. In terms of the established Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the EU, the enlargement has directly affected original EU members in that CAP subsidies arranged prior to the expansion were immediately lessened and a new level of standardisation was created as new countries gained access to EU funding and official economic policies. Because of the enlargement, EU nations are currently facing reforms in terms of trade prices, environmental agendas, animal welfare and the further industrialisation and eventual commercialisation of member states. How the EU deals with modernised agricultural policies will directly affect the stability of the EU in general and the position of its influence in world affairs. In terms of the CAP today, it seems that this nearly 60 year old agreement is failing when it comes to the best economic options for EU members.Negotiations have been happening for years to organise a European-wide marketplace, and so far the EU is the only large-scale organisation of this sort in the world. To enhance failing economies within the continent and ultimately to create a strong market that was viable on the world stage, European nations thought it in their best interests to band together and develop trade laws that would benefit each nation in the long run. This organisation meant the standardisation of various levels of economy so that prices could be stabilised and producers might receive the government aid needed to keep working. Jonsson and Elgstrom explain how the term 'multi-level governance' is used in terms of the EU to encompass the awkward arrangement of government officials and local policy2. Essentially, this multi-level government is exactly what the EU legislation is based upon and it's the largest economic organisation of its kind in the entire world. EU officiates must tend to supranational matters while still leaving an allowable measure of sovereignty to each member state in terms of national law and municipal issues. In terms of agriculture and human rights, however, ultimately the EU holds precedent over national level government if a committee or individual does approach it. It is the wish of the EU organisation that each of its member countries adhere strictly to trade and practical agreements in such a way that promotes equality between citizens and fair standards of living and economics for individuals and businesses throughout the realm. If a state is found to be acting in a manner not i n keeping with these principles of human rights, animal rights and safe practices then it faces sanctions by EU legislature. EU Enlargement Before 2002, the EU had a stable 15 members and it wanted more. In terms of membership, there was no shortage of interested nations, particularly in the eastern half of the continent, but officials realised that if they were to suddenly expand their numbers it would become necessary to share their current supranational income with poorer countries. Cowles and Smith explain that at the turn of the new millennium, it was expected of EU officiates to work towards two basic goals; monetary

Emotional Disturbance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emotional Disturbance - Assignment Example Low and below average intelligence level may also indicate mental problems in children. A typical development is exhibited by children whose behavior is dissimilar or differs from the normal or expected range of development. Such children display unusual behavior from their peers (Breslau, Staruch & Mortimer, 2002). Care should be taken to establish if the unusual behavior is a reflection of the child’s personality or weaknesses that are of concern. Atypical behavior should be carefully noted and recorded as it may affect a child’s future development. The resilience factors are individual traits that help a person to adapt to adversity and stress. These factors may be displayed in the ability to make plans and follow them. Maintain positive self-concept and confidence in your ability. Being able to communicate and ability to manage strong emotions and impulses. Mental disturbance affects a child’s learning process. Emotional disturbance, disruptive behavior and aggressive behavior slows down the child’s thoughts. For example, inability to follow a teacher’s instruction may mean that the child doesn’t learn anything at all. Thus, mental disturbance affects the classroom functioning for the child and others in the class. Disruptive behavior such as aggressiveness interrupts learning. The recommended intervention involves reassuring the aggressive child that there is no danger so that they stay calm. Constant monitoring of their performance and paying attention to them in class may reduce their defence mechanisms. Additionally, guidance and counseling may be very useful (Trout et al, 2000). The English learner modifications needed involves holding special lessons for these children to repeat what was said in class. The teacher should use language or learning materials that are specifically designed for such special need students. The

Public Relations as Relationships Management Essay

Public Relations as Relationships Management - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the public relations domain is associated with the processes of communicating and exchanging of ideas related to change in order to handle the argument and facilitate policy-making initiatives. As a result, the public relations personnel look for entering into relationship with the public with the objective of motivating them to work in collaboration with their organization for the mutual interests of society and organization. Although the discipline of PR appears to be newer one in theory, yet it has been in vogue practically in all social sectors since the establishment of first state on the face of the earth. Theories have been articulated and researches have been conducted in order to determine the nature, scope and principles for the discipline. US Public Relations Society defines several components of PR, which include counseling, research, media relations, publicity, employees & community relations, public affairs, financial issue s, communication and much more. Thus, PR contains vastness in its nature and scope, and encompasses all social, political, financial and religious institutions in its wide scope. It is therefore the PR personnel contain heavy responsibilities to perform while rendering their services to the public at large. Public relations function using various types of technology and media, which makes it extremely critical from ethics and image perspective. Public relations, according to Wilcox & Cameron, are involved in providing information to the media and have the responsibility of accurate dissemination of information as well as the ability to convince the audience of the messages. Public relations are expected to function in an ethical and professional manner. b. Ethics and Professionalism: Like all other professions, PR sector has also determined specific set of ethics for the appropriate functioning of the people associated with it. Persuasion as a function of public relations is highly debated from ethical standpoint. As a consequence, ‘ethics’ in public relations are classified into three types, absolute, existential and situational. In public relations, any communication that is formal and professional is believed to be legal, ethical and in good taste; however, it must be inadequate manner and for the public interest only. As developing personal contacts come under the definition of personal relationship, which could be against public interest due to the very reality that it may cause the promotion and projection of favoritism and nepotism in the wake of it. A multi-perspective view of professionalism by various researchers and scholars only proves that professionalism actually helps communication-oriented profession to conduct its work in a logical and systematic fashion that will be unquestioned, at large.

Do nuclear weapons lead to peace or to war Essay

Do nuclear weapons lead to peace or to war - Essay Example Many of the states, which possess such weapons, only use them for deterrence purposes and this has created a situation where all the powers, which have nuclear weapons, are at a stalemate (Waltz 1990, P.731). The ownership of nuclear weapons has since its beginnings, been an extremely controversial issue in the world, with many of the countries, which do not possess them claiming that it, is unfair for those, which do to have such weapons. Others have taken matters into their own hands and, defying the countries that have such weapons; have chosen to go ahead with their own nuclear programs (Rubin, 2006). The ownership of nuclear weapons is considered a source of prestige for the countries, which possess them, and it is for this reason that many still hold on to their arsenals while others are aspiring to develop their own. Over the last two decades or so, there has developed a debate concerning whether the possession of nuclear weapons is a deterrence to war, and that it is the reas on why no major wars have taken place in recent history. Quite a number of people believe that the possession of nuclear weapons is one of the reasons why there has not been a third world war, since all of the most powerful states that would be involved in the war are armed with nuclear weapons. The lessons learnt from Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Roberts, 2012) seem to be extraordinarily fresh in the minds of those who make national policies and it is because of this that these weapons have come to be used, not for offensive purposes, but for peace. There is a belief that if a third world war were to take place, then it would be a nuclear war, and the devastation which such a war would cause would probably lead to the end of humanity as we know it. The horror of such an occurrence is something, which many people would not like to picture and because of this many states that possess nuclear weapons, keeps them under a tight leash (Donnelly, 2012). Even those states, which are considered most unstable, such as North Korea, do not use the weapons in their possession for any other purposes other than that of deterrence because of the recognition that to use them otherwise would be disastrous. One of the best cases that can be studied, when considering the possession of nuclear weapons as a means towards peace, is the Cold War. The Cold war came up because of the competition on a global scale of the world’s two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. There was a great fear in the United States of the Soviet Union’s ambition to spread the ideology of communism, which it followed, worldwide and this was not acceptable to the American government. In response, the American government chose to shore up those regimes which were allied to it all over the world not only financially but also militarily to ensure that they combated the potential communist forces and parties which were to come up against them (Mueller 2002, P.172). Moreover, the Soviet Union was very fearful of the American acquisition of nuclear weapons and this led to its rush to build up its own arsenal, causing a nuclear arms race between these two states. While this may have been the case, none of these states used their weapons against the other. It is quite possible that the Cold War will have resulted in a world war, which would have pitted the United States

Harley Davidson’s Just-in-Time Essay Example for Free

Harley Davidson’s Just-in-Time Essay This case is about the Just-in-Time (JIT) implementation at Harley-Davidson Motor Company. After World War II, they faced  with  competition from Japanese companies, which were able to produce better quality motorcycles at comparatively lower cost. Harley-Davidson found that there were three most important practices of Japanese companies, which differentiated their production process from that of others: JIT manufacturing, employee involvement, and statistical process control. Harley-Davidson adopted those three principles and formulated different strategies to make this move possible and to make its manufacturing processes as efficient as that of its Japanese counterparts. The company finally succeeded in achieving its goals of reducing the cost of production, improving quality, and increasing its market share. With the company again getting into hard times, this case presents how it was trying to focus on â€Å"continuous improvement† in a bid to bring itself back into profits. Question #1: Why has continuous improvement been so successful at Harley Davidson? Continuous improvement is ongoing effort to improve products, services or processes. These efforts can seek â€Å"incremental† improvement over time or â€Å"breakthrough† improvement all at once. Under continuous improvement, a task or series of tasks were identified as the problem area in the business process, manufacturing operations, and product development where improvement could be made. Harley-Davidson required the active participation and commitment of its employees to help in eliminating unnecessary steps and complexity for the process and to bring more flexibility into the system. Continuous improvement helped the company identify savings opportunities and put those mechanisms into places, also improved the quality standards and the reduced the waste in the forms of cost, time and defects. Therefore with a year, all Harley-Davidson’s manufacturing operations were being converted to JIT: components and sub-assemblies were â€Å"pulled† through the production system in response to final demand. Question #2: Considering the road ahead, what specific actions can Harley Davidson take that will move them toward their goals? Harley Davidson could keep doing â€Å"continuous improvement. Take a closer look at its operations in a bid to get its cost structure right and manage shipments consistent with the expected slowing of consumer spending. For continuous improvement, its begins with identify the current process and take a vote on which process would most benefit from improvement, then map out the existing process using a project board like A3 report. After fully understand the process, identify areas of opportunity surrounding the mapped process, to do this teams should analyze the current process and scrutinize areas that may be streamlined. Finally, the team will decide on a new process. In order to reduce excess capacity or costs and gain efficiencies, the company has consolidated some of its production facilities, and parts, accessories and general merchandise distribution operations to improve its overall process. The company also made it a high priority to manage supply in line with demand. In addition, the company started restructuring its production process to reduce complexity and create the flexibility to produce multiple product families on the same assembly line every day at the beginning of 2009.

The Philosophy Of Love Philosophy Essay

The Philosophy Of Love Philosophy Essay The philosophy of love transcends so many sub-disciplines including religion, epistemology, human nature, metaphysics, ethics and even politics. In most times, statements and arguments referring to love, its role in humanity for instance connects to the central theories of philosophy. Its often examined in either the philosophy of gender or sex (Singer 34). This paper gives a discussion about personal love by first distinguishing the various types of love. For instance, the manner in which a man would love his wife is very different from the kind of love he would have for his pet or child. This paper gives explanations from philosophical analysis of various kinds of love as explained by various Greek philosophers and authors. As part of my argument about the philosophy of love I will also divide love into four major types: love as emotion, love as union, love as valuing and love as a robust concern BACKGROUND INFORMATION The meaning of love differs from one situation to the other. For instance, the love for football may only indicate that I like football so much. On the other hand if I said I would love to be a father, it means that I would really love to engage in the activities of fatherhood. This could also mean that I value fatherhood. However, if I said that I loved my pet or I loved my spouse, it indicates something totally different from the previous two kinds of love that I have mentioned. This is a different kind of concern that one could not easily relate to anything else. This might therefore imply some feeling of caring about another person (Wagoner 14). The philosophy of love mostly focuses on this kind of love just like the personal love which is the main focus of the paper. Within the same personal love, there are three kinds of love that have been discussed by various Greek philosophers. These are love philia, agape and eros. Eros originally referred to the kind of love where one feels some passionate desire about some object. In most cases it required to sexual passion. Eros could also be referred to as the love of desire making it an egocentric kind of love. Eros is a response to the being beloved or selfish. This description seems to have distanced itself from the sexual aspect. Plato also encourages such an understanding of eros in the Symposium. Here Socrates believes that sexual desire is a deficient response to beauty (Soble 256). Eros love is in contrast with agape love which does not respond to an object. Agape love primarily comes from Christian tradition where it refers to the kind of love that God has for human beings. This is therefore some kind of unconditional love which is shared among everyone. It is spontaneous and unmotivated. God loves each human being in the same proportion and manner. There is no individual who is more loved than others before the eyes of God. Agape love is also an extension of the kind of love we should have for one another. Agape love creates value in its object rather than responding to love in the object. It is therefore supposed to create some fellowship between man and God (Soble 258). Philia love on the other hand originally meant that kind of love towards someones friends, family, business partner, or even country. Just like eros, philia love is also generally responsive to good qualities in an object or somebody. Could sexual intimacy be the sole difference between friendship and romantic love?(White 30). It even becomes more difficult to distinguish between philia and eros when Soble diminishes the idea of sexual attachment in eros. When we put into consideration the contemporary theories of love which include friendship and romantic love, it becomes even harder to distinguish between eros, philia and agape love. It is equally important to carefully differentiate love from other forms of positive attitude people could have towards one another such as liking. As a matter of fact, the difference between love and attitudes such as like is in the depth in love. Some philosophical analyses distinguish between loving and liking by explaining what liking amounts to. Liking is all but a matter of desire which only involves instrumental value (Singer 62). However, this is surely inadequate: there is a difference between loving a person and having some desire in her as an object. For instance, it is possible for one to care about some one but not necessarily love her. The best way to distinguish between liking and loving is by the virtue of the depth of love. For instance, loving someone means that you identify yourself with him. There is no such thing as identification when it comes to liking. One could feel the potential love he might have towards another person and decide to dedicate his life to this value (Nussbaum 316). Liking does not have such kind of a depth where one would sacrifice so much to be with someone he likes. Love could tentatively be divided into four major types: love as a robust concern, love as emotion, love as union and love as valuing. LOVE AS UNION This view of love claims that love exists in the desire to form important kinds of union. The idea of we is as a result of love. Union theories have been trying to explain the origin of the we aspect and whether it has been in existence ever since, or whether it is only metaphorical. Philosophers such as Aristotle, Hegel and Montaigne are some of the earlier variants of this view. Its proponents include people like Scruton, Delaney, Solomon and Nozick (Nussbaum 319). In his writing about romantic clove, Scruton claims that the existence of love comes too soon in life, as soon as the differences between in interests of people are over come. The idea here is that the union formed is as a result of the concern people might have for one another. This means that any decisions made by either party are not for his own sake but for the sake of the union. This implies that they bring together all their concerns and emotions and think as one. Any decision made is therefore for the good of both of them. Scruton therefore feels that there has to be some actual union of the concerns of the lovers (Nussbaum 330). This makes it clear that they view love in terms of a relationship and not just as a mere attitude people might have for one another. Solomons view on the union of love relies on the idea of fusion of two souls. This indicates that through love, partners redefine their interest and identities and begin thinking in terms of a relationship. The end result is that partners end up sharing their interests, virtue and virtues to achieve what used to be individual goals. This is however achieved by allowing each partner to play a crucial role in the relationship. Nozicks view on union is somewhat different from all the rest. He believes that the most necessary issue in love is the desire to become one and form a we by pitting together the desires reciprocated by a partner. He also explains that once partners unite they acquire a new identity that might come in various forms. For instance, they would want to be seen as a couple by the public, or sharing some kind of division of labor. There are two major criticism of the union view of love. First, opponents argue that union does away with individual autonomy. For instance the husband could be in control of all the decisions made by his wife. This means that the wife has to do away with all her individual thoughts and begin thinking in terms of herself as part of a family. Union theorists however defend this by arguing that losing of autonomy is a desirable feature that each union would very glad to achieve (Soble 266). The second form of criticism is about the fact that loving someone means having concerns for the persons sake. Union views try to eliminate such concerns by making them unintelligible when in real sense doing away with the differences between interest of two lovers makes either of them turning their lovers interests into theirs and vice versa (268). Love as a robust concern Critics of the union of love indicate that most people consider caring about ones partner for her sake as the main idea of loving her. It is for this reason that the robust concern takes this aspect into consideration. It therefore argues that if an individual loves another, it means that there are some benefits that she wants to get from her partner because she believes that he has them. The satisfaction of these wants is therefore considered as an end rather than a means to an end. The robust view therefore objects the idea of formation of we as the main idea behind love (Frankfurt 129). For this reason, Frankfurt is of the idea that loving someone has very little or nothing to do with the opinion he holds about them or how things make him feel. This account explains the idea that caring about someone is in some way part as a result of what happens to him. There is no way we could leave out other emotional responses when dealing with love in terms of the desires. For instance if one of my strong desires is negatively affected, I will definitely get emotionally crushed. The same will also happen when things go bad for my partner. This is for this reason that caring for ones partner would make him vulnerable to issues that might affect her (White 71). Critics of the robust view argue that it provides a very thing understanding of love because robust concerns also includes other features of love like emotional responsiveness to ones partner as effects if love rather than a continuant of it. Robust view therefore only considers love as an idea of focusing towards some end (Velleman 338). However, he also argues that sometimes love can have nothing to do with the desires. He even gives an example of love in troublemaking relation where one is in a union with someone she does not really want to be with. Such a view of love is mysterious in the sense that how one could still claim to be in love with someone even after his death (Badhwar 72). Defining love to be a desire means that it could only exist if there is something missing in ones life. However, this is not usually the case. Sometime we still feel love even if we have so much in our lives and we desire nothing. Either way, the robust view as it stands does not really account for love in its intuitive depth and also fails to clearly distinguish between liking and loving. Although, it has the capacity to make some sense in regard to how the lovers identity could be altered by his partner. This gives an understanding of the effects of love but not the real part of what love really consist of. LOVE AS VALUING Love could also be understood to be some mode of valuing an individual. There are two ways in which this could be addressed: the view of lover appraisal of value and looking at her as bestowing value. Appraisal of value Velleman provides an appraisal view to love where he understands love as a matter of acknowledging and responding to the value of ones partner in a certain distinctive way. For this to be understood full, there is a need to consider the kind of partners value to which one responds (Velleman 339). Moreover, distinctive response to the value ought to be considered. However, it should ne understood that is not all about the mere fact that love is viewed to involve some appraisal that makes an account to be of appraisal view. There are many more accounts that do so as reflected by robust concern accounts. In describing the value in love, price and dignity should be distinguished. To have price means having a value that could be compared to values of other goods and services in terms of price. This makes it possible to exchange items that are equivalent in value without making a loss. On the other hand, having dignity refers to having some value that could not be compared to any relative value because it renders it meaningless (Velleman 365). People are said to have dignity while material goods are said to have value. There is no way you could exchange someone with another person and keep the same values he had. This means that you will lose some incomparable worth if you make such as substitution. The dignity of human beings therefore exists in their rational nature. Similarly one way in which human beings exercise their rational natures is through respect to the dignity of other people. A response could be termed as respectful if it does not treat one as a means to an end. For this reason, love is only but a response to someones dignity (Velleman 371). It is therefore this dignity that justifies love. Nonetheless, respect and love are responses that refer to same value but in different forms: love arrests our tendencies towards self protection of our emotions from others rather than our self-love. This renders concerns such as sympathy and attraction that most people associate with love to be effects of love and not constituents of love. Bestowal of value Singer contradicts with Vellemans view and explains love to be fundamentally an issue of bestowing value upon a partner (Singer 43). This fact also helps distinguish between liking and loving. It considers loving as an attitude that has no clear objective and liking to be an inherently technological aspect. For this reason, there might not be any standards of the exact and correct manner in which such value could be bestowed making love different from personal attitudes such as generosity, gratitude and condescension. Loves reflects the importance of an objects regardless of how much it might be worth. Bestowing value therefore is some kind of commitment and attachment to a partner by treating her as an end so that he could also respond to different ends, concerns and interest in his life. Bestowing of value therefore revels itself when we care about the interests and needs of our partners, by being happy for their achievements and wishing to protect or benefit them. For me to be considered to have been bestowed value on a partner, I need to respond to his values appropriately (Singer 46). This can only happen if I understand his values and what his well being is all about so that I could act upon that. However, this also calls for me to understand what his strengths and weaknesses are for me to appraise in various ways. Bestowing therefore calls for really seeing a partner and attending to his needs. EMOTIONS VIEWS Considering that there are various problems concerning different accounts of love like valuing, it might be necessary that we consider the emotional aspect of love. Emotions are mere responses to some object. They combine motivation, evaluation and other phenomena surrounding the attitude of love. Most philosophers including Badhwar and Baier claims that love is an emotion (Badhwar 52). There is no way you could convince someone that love and hate are not emotions because it wont be true. The difficult aspect of this view lies in the fact that the emotion refers to no specific homogeneous collection of states of the mind. This has led to various meanings of the word love. There are basically two kinds of emotion view: emotion proper and emotion complexes. Emotion proper is a kind of response to an object based on evaluation and motivation. There are several objects associated with emotions. For instance, the target of an emotion refers to an object upon which the emotions are directed. The formal object on its part is the nature of evaluation directed at a specific target (Badhwar 59). However, emotions are not only about evaluation of a target, they can also motivate an individual to act in a certain manner. Moreover, emotions are also understood to refer to passions towards an object. In general we could therefore say that emotions are abnormal changes in the body that are caused by the changes in the evaluation or appraisal of a situation or an object that the agent considers to be on concern to him. The emotion complex view on the other hand considers love as a complex emotional attitude directed at another person. Considering the emotional interconnections between people, this view could offer the best account of depth in love. It could also offer an understanding of love as an evaluative issue without singling out formal objects of love. Love does not only refer to an emotion felt by people towards other (Badhwar 122). It is involves other different emotions tied together which are shared between two or more people. To some extent it could also include sympathetic emotions for instance in a way that one would feel disappointed when his lover fails and rejoice when he succeeds. CONCLUSION Regardless of the different views presented by different philosopher, love has to much to do with robust concern about an individual. As philosophers like Fransten put it, love is not always about the concern for a union. You can care about an individual but this does not really mean that you have to for a union. Similarly, you can form a union with someone and yet you do not love him. For instance, there are several occasions where people are forced to enter into a marriage not because they love one another but because of the mere fact that they had a baby together. It might have been accidental but it ends up forming a union. Unions are therefore never a strong consideration when it comes to definition and existence of love. On the contrary, you would care about someone to an extent that if any negative thing happens to her, you become disturbed. In as much as you might be a union, this is more of love that formation of a union. Robust concerns are therefore a very important aspect of love. Work cited Badhwar, Neera K. Friendship: a philosophical reader. New York: Cornell University press, 1993. Print. Frankfurt, Harry G. Necessity, violation and love. Massachusetts: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Print. Nussbaum, Martha., 1990, Love and the Individual: Romantic Rightness and Platonic Aspiration, in Loves Knowledge: Essays on Philosophy and Literature, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 314-334 Singer, Irving. Philosophy of love: a partial summing-up. New York: MIT Press, 2009. Soble, Alan. The philosophy of sex: contemporary readings. New York: Rowman Littlefield, 2002. Print. Sternberg, Robert J. Weis, Karin. The ne psychology of love. Yale: Yale University Press, 2006. Print. Vellemen, Daid J. Love as a moral emotion Ethics 109: 338-374. Wagoner, Bob. The meaning of love: an introduction to philosophy of Love. New York: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1997. Print. White, Richard, J. Loves philosophy. New York: Rowman Littlefield, 2001. Print.

American Intervention in Cuba and Puerto Rico Essay -- American Histor

End notes are missing from the paper. To Secretary of State John Hay, the Spanish-American War was a "splendid little war", one that would bring tremendous benefit to those fortunate colonies liberated from Spain. For those places where the Spanish were forcibly expelled, there was nothing splendid about either about the war or its aftermath. To state simply that war is hell and that change is disruptive is merely to state the obvious. Beyond this, many U.S. historians have characterized the results of U.S. intervention and subsequent occupation of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines as a bequest, an opportunity to enjoy previously unknown individual liberties, political self-determination and potential economic prosperity. Other historians have characterized the actions of the United States as nothing short of exploitative imperialism, designed to subjugate those who it considered inferior to a state of political and economic servitude. What is clear is that, in Cuba and Puerto Rico, many viewed the American involvement initially as a positive development. What is equally apparent is that after the war and over time, these pro-American attitudes soured considerably. There were many reasons for this development. Leaving the economic, sociological, and psychological examinations of this large issue to other more ambitious endeavors, this paper aims to explore the way in which the intervention and occupation disrupted and complicated the normal political construction of Cuba and Puerto Rico. Also, in an effort to avoid the larger historiographical debate, political developments will be presented simply in response to conditions. The premise of this paper is that, intentionally or otherwise, the U.S. intervention and subseque... ...s E., Cuba 1933†¦Prologue to Revolution. 1972 Cornell University Press, N.Y. Carrion, Arturo Morales, Puerto Rico, A Political and Cultural History., 1983 WW Norton, N.Y., N.Y. Foner, Philip S., The Spanish-Cuban-American War and the Birth of American Imperialism, Volume 2, (1898-1902), 1972 Monthly Review Press, N.Y., N.Y. Knight, Franklin W., The Caribbean, The Genesis of a Fragmented Nationalism. 1990 Oxford University Press, N.Y., N.Y. Maldonado-Denis, Manuel, Puerto Rico: A Socio-Historic Interpretation. 1972 Random House, N.Y., N.Y. Perez, Louis A., Cuba Under The Platt Amendment, 1902-1934. 1986 University of Pittsburgh Press, Pa. Suchlicki, Jamie, "The Political Ideology of Jose Marti" from: Beckles, Hilary and Verene Shepherd, Caribbean Freedom: Economy and Society from Emancipation to the Present. 1996 Marcus Wiener, Princeton, N.J.

Existentialism :: essays research papers

Existentialism Like "rationalism" and "empiricism," "existentialism" is a term that belongs to intellectual history. Its definition is thus to some extent one of historical convenience. The term was explicitly adopted as a self-description by Jean-Paul Sartre, and through the wide dissemination of the postwar literary and philosophical output of Sartre and his associates — notably Simone de Beauvoir, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Albert Camus — existentialism became identified with a cultural movement that flourished in Europe in the 1940s and 1950s. Among the major philosophers identified as existentialists (many of whom — for instance Camus and Heidegger — repudiated the label) were Karl Jaspers, Martin Heidegger, and Martin Buber in Germany, Jean Wahl and Gabriel Marcel in France, the Spaniards Josà © Ortega y Gasset and Miguel de Unamuno, and the Russians Nicholai Berdyaev and Lev Shestov. The nineteenth century philosophers, Soren Kierkeg aard and Friedrich Nietzsche, came to be seen as precursors of the movement. Existentialism was as much a literary phenomenon as a philosophical one. Sartre's own ideas were and are better known through his fictional works (such as Nausea and No Exit) than through his more purely philosophical ones (such as Being and Nothingness and Critique of Dialectical Reason), and the postwar years found a very diverse coterie of writers and artists linked under the term: retrospectively, Dostoevsky, Ibsen, and Kafka were conscripted; in Paris there were Jean Genet, Andrà © Gide, Andrà © Malraux, and the expatriate Samuel Beckett; the Norwegian Knut Hamsen and the Romanian Eugene Ionesco belong to the club; artists such as Alberto Giacommeti and even Abstract Expressionists such as Jackson Pollock, Arshile Gorky, and Willem de Kooning, and filmmakers such as Jean-Luc Godard and Ingmar Bergman were understood in existential terms. By the mid 1970s the cultural image of existentialism had becom e a clichà ©, parodized in countless books and films by Woody Allen. It is sometimes suggested, therefore, that existentialism just is this bygone cultural movement rather than an identifiable philosophical position; or, alternatively, that the term should be restricted to Sartre's philosophy alone. But while a philosophical definition of existentialism may not entirely ignore the cultural fate of the term, and while Sartre's thought must loom large in any account of existentialism, the concept does pick out a distinctive cluster of philosophical problems and helpfully identifies a relatively distinct current of twentieth- and now twenty-first century philosophical inquiry, one that has had significant impact on fields such as theology (through Rudolf Bultmann, Paul Tillich, Karl Barth, and others) and psychology (from Ludwig Binswanger and Medard Boss to Otto Rank, R.

Essay --

Pain is one of the most powerful human motivators. People will say anything to make it stop because it hurts. And when used specifically to derive information our federal government can make it hurt a lot. No one should ever have to be put through the type of pain that is specifically engineered to hit your pain threshold, engineered to cause you to fear your interrogator, engineered to make you talk. The practice of enhanced interrogation should not be used under any circumstances because it is illegal under international law, it’s not always effective, and it’s inhumane. What is enhanced interrogation? In simple terms it’s when an interrogator uses techniques that are specifically designed to cause you a.) either so much pain that you break down and tell the interrogator what they want to know or b.) you fear pain and your interrogator so much that you readily give them the information that they seek. So, what techniques does the American government use to derive information from it’s prisoners? Some techniques that they have used are sexual humiliation, sleep deprivation, sensory deprivation, sensory overload, solitary confinement, mock execution, medical experimentation, learned helplessness, intimidation by dogs, confinement in a box with insects, and waterboarding. â€Å"The United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment’s stance on torture is ‘No exceptional circumstances whatsoever, whether a state of war or a threat of war or an emergency may be invoked as j ustification for torture [or enhanced interrogations], which inflict pain and suffering and most UN scholars consider to qualify as torture under international law.† (Dinan) However under international law it is ... ... they will never be normal again.(Stephens) This is a list of just a few of the techniques and their described effects that our own government and foreign governments use. The effects are cruel and long-lasting and they stick with you for a long time, not to mention the immediate effects of fear and pain from thing such as being waterboarded. It’s cruel and inhumane and illegal. All in all enhanced interrogation doesn’t get you anymore and it’s just plain cruel. There are many better alternatives to torturing the information out of someone. The more peaceful route should always be taken. If we don’t want our own citizens undergoing the same stuff that we put the citizens of foreign countries through than we should never ever do that to them. It goes back to the most basic rule of all time. The Golden Rule â€Å"Do unto others what you would have them do unto you†

Productive and Counterproductive Behavior in Organizations Essay

If the leader of an organization you were considering making an investment in was consistently tardy to meetings and procrastinated deadlines, would it make you reconsider where you were putting your money? You want to know that the person has ambition and is organized. The ideal person would be right on time, prepared, and be eager to conduct business. These are some of the differences of productive and counterproductive behaviors. And they can directly influence to the success, or failure, of the organization. I would define counterproductive behavior as having the opposite effect of the desired goal of the organization, whether it is intentional or not (The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English,2009). It would require an employee to be doing, or not doing things detrimental to the organizations goals. Things like obsessive absenteeism, harassing coworkers, or being the bully around the office are some examples of unintentional counter productivity. Now, an employee who is angry or upset with the company, or maybe has interest in moving to another organization, can be very counterproductive. This employee could sell trade secrets, intentionally supply incorrect information, or just stop caring all together in every detail of their work. And depending on the importance of that employee, that can contribute to the failure of the organization. Productive behavior is keeping in mind the goal of your organization and only doing or deciding on something if it is going to positively affect that goal. Some examples of productive behaviors are always being on time, being efficient, and effective at achieving your own personal goals as well as your organizations. These are the kinds of people that you would want motivating the rest of your employees. If that positive attitude and eagerness is spread around, that can only be even more beneficial to the organization. Simply having an employee with a productive attitude can have an amazing impact on your organization. If they start every day being proactive and honestly giving their best to the organization, other people are going to recognize this, and want to return that attitude. The employee will see it in their achievements, as well as others around them. Their job performance will be outstanding because someone with productive behaviors will always be dependable and loyal to the organization. Any employee having counterproductive behavior is going to be a liability to your organization. Their poor job performance will have a direct effect on everyone around them. Even if it is something as small as being five minutes late for work, three or four times a week, it needs to be addressed. It will create a negative environment for your employees. Those who are on time every day will be resentful of this employee, and feel he is being given special treatment. If it is a constant problem with a specific employee or department, it is crucial to find out why and solve the issue quickly before it has major negative effects on your organization as a whole. To persuade your employees to be a little more productive in their behaviors, try things like offering bonuses every month for employees who are on time every day and are clocked in for all hours scheduled. Also, try ensuring that the right tools and equipment is made available. It will help to keep operations of the organization orderly and efficient. And, in turn, makes it easier for your employees to be productive and also form those habits themselves. The best way to discourage counterproductive behaviors is to basically have a non-tolerance policy. Your organization needs to make it known that it does not tolerate tardiness, absenteeism, harassment, or any other acts that negatively affect the organization without some sort of repercussions. That, coupled with employees seeing the rewards and opportunities offered for being productive, should definitely help detur counterproductive behavior. In closing, productive and counterproductive behaviors can basically make, or break, an organization. Leaders need to do everything in their power to ensure their employees have the best tools and opportunities available. While also remembering to keep them productive and lead by example, you have the start of an extraordinary organization.

An Overview of the Anheuser-Busch Company

For generations, Anheuser-Busch has been at the top of the beer industry, but they are being threatened by new brewers and the hard liquor market.   To counteract that problem, the company is in midst of globalizing and entering the hard liquor market.   Their standard concept is fresh beer done traditionally.Now it is morphing into a tailor-made brew for a region while staying true to the traditional brews.   The changes are being enacted because the company has been losing market share to new competition and consumer preferences Anheuser-Busch Inc. 2007.Budweiser is a value for its customers because the process is an old technique, yet the company considers Budweiser as a new American Classic Lager.Customers experience a crisp taste, combined with a clean, smooth, very drinkable beer.   Budweiser beer is also made with all natural ingredients to give it a crisp taste with clarity and brilliance Anheuser-Busch Inc. 2007.At the helm of Anheuser-Busch’s management team is Patrick T. Stokes, the Director of Anheuser-Busch.   W. Randolph Baker is the CEO and Vice President of Busch Properties, Inc.   August A. Busch IV is the Director, CEO, Chairman of the Board, and President of Anheuser-Busch Inc.   Douglas J. Muhleman is the Group Vice President of Brewing Operations and Technology of Anheuser-Busch Inc.August A. Busch III is the Director.   The management is not balanced financially and it could pose a threat for the company with so much power in shares held within a small concentration of people.Their salaries range from $919,000 to $4,399,516. Once a person adds in stock options, it is plain to see that the management’s salaries are broken down by seniority, with the senior management executives 60 years old or older making an average salary of $40,090,155.Compare that to the other two executives profiled here (Busch IV & Muhleman) and they receive a paltry $6,438,116.   It is obvious who wields the power within Anheuser-Busch Accelerize New Media Inc. 2007.   The problem is if there is a misstep, it falls on one person, not the board .There is a lot of power concentrated within the management sector, but the company is meeting the goals they set forth to accomplish to the shareholders Anheuser-Busch Inc. 2007.   They were honest in their assessment of their market being taken over by newer brewers and the hard liquor market taking some of their market share.They counteracted that starting in 2006, when they notified shareholders that their demographics were changing; to stop that, they would issue beer based on regional tastes, growing their core brand, and interest in expanding their portfolio with high growth, high margin products Anheuser-Busch Inc. 2007.They did reach their objectives in their Letter to the Shareholders.   On April 20, their stock was trading at 52.61 a share, close to their 52 week high of 53.32.   It is obvious that their projections and assessments about where their marke t share was going was correct Investor Guide 2007.The company’s strategy is where it needs to be for the future.   Their measures have enabled them to re-establish their competitive position as the premier beer producer in the world.   If one analyzes their stock over the past year, he or she will see that every time their stock suffered a loss, it came back even stronger Investor Guide.com 2007.   Anheuser-Busch is definitely a stock to invest in.Works CitedAccelerize New Media Inc.   22 Apr 2007 Anheuser-Busch Inc.   22 April 2007 Investor Guide.com 20 April 2007   

Melodies of music Essay

A breath taking experience from my friend that really makes a history in his life was when he was in a relationship with a Muslim woman. All of us know that is prohibited for a Muslim woman to marry or have a relationship with Christians. At first everything is ok. For him she is the sunshine that brightens up his days. The radiant of her beauty make him feel that every glimpse of memories is worth treasuring. I guess everybody feels that to somebody they loved. Perhaps, when people feel in love, the risk and fear are of no value. They met in a theatre company where they both are member. Both are members of the music ensemble. Perhaps that music interest served as their common ground for conversation. Every piece they played creates them a melody that binds their hearts. Well, that theatre company that they are into is based on school. In short that was just a part of their extra curricular activity. That place became their hangout in other words. Every end of a day they meet their not for anything else but for music. At first they were not friends. They do not often talk. They just look at each other and feel the melodies of music. At that time none of them feel the magnetic reaction on the opposite sex. None of them feel attracted. The boy that time stopped from school and concentrated on his music career. After a month of national tour, the woman was scheduled to be the next one to be sent out for a performance. That was their first time to work together. They never had a work together before that instance. Days pass and seconds gone then the time come when they were to meet for rehearsals. Well, that place was the place of the woman; in short they are far from their school. On their first rehearsal together, everything seems so funny. The woman, because it’s her first time to join the touring company on a show, became as cold as ice. Her lips speak these words in silent: â€Å"I am afraid†. Even then, things work together for good. Their eyes spark when they had an eye-to-eye contact. Well, for them that was just a work. No malice for short. Time passes so quickly that they never noticed that they become closer and closer not only in personal relationship but in their emotions as well. They did not notice the time that they wish those things and memories that passed to happen again. On their way to the hotel, the boy sits beside her as they rode on their vehicle. The boy sang some friendship songs that made the woman to tears. He never noticed it. A time come when the begun to sleep on the woman’s shoulder. He never knew that it happened but because of the bonds that they have, no malice again. That was just a friends way of caring. On that night, they went to a park. Not alone but along with a friend. They cherish the moment together and had their picture taking under the shed of the moon. Sudden glimpse of yesterday popped up on the heart of the boy. As he looked at her at that time he sees a beautiful canvass of God’s creation. She is a majestic creation of God; a proof of His existence and her hair shines and glow as the moon gives its light. As they pass along a garden the beauty of the woman defies the beauty of the colors of the roses. A flower walks on the pathway as the boy look at her in a distance for he was taking pictures on the girl. On their last night, they just sat on a sofa as the woman shares about her past. She has a best friend whom she feels in love with. Since she was away from him for about three years, she wants to meet him just to take a picture of the present. As the conversation goes by, the boy offered the woman his phone for her to call her best friend. At first the woman refused to accept the offer of the boy but as the boy say these words: â€Å"Time passes once, we should think to do things that we wont regret and we must take this moment for this will only pass once†, the woman take the phone and call her best friend. As the boy look at her during her call, he felt happy for his friend. No money can buy the happiness that that phone call gives to her close friend. After the call the boy sent a message for the woman’s friends. He asked them to have a last hour together along with her best friend. He did that just to make the woman happy. What a lovely night that was. Two little creatures of different that came from different lands meet for one reason but that reason gives them a chance to be together without thinking of their different. The girl lean on the boy’s shoulder and take a nap. Without knowing, that became the start for the boy to have different feelings for her. He thought of the instance what if they will fall in love with each other. He thinks for a reason for the world to accept them but he only arrives at the fact that they could never be together. On her way back to school she live a message for the boy (the girl still have a class). Those messages that have tears give him the courage to pursue the unwanted feelings. The dent a message saying: â€Å"I have something to tell you when your boat starts to sail†. Time to sail and the boy sent these messages: â€Å"I never thought I’d feel this way. Those memories you’ve left makes me convince that I love you. It sounds unusual and untrue and you’d like to give me a reason, I do not know what to say. My heart says so and what I did it just telling you what it says†. That was the start of their relationship. When the contract had ended, the boy when home and they met. They build their memories. They talk of the instances and what to do when time comes when the woman’s family will know their relationship. They prepared for it and had agreed that they will put it to end when that happens. Without any delays, after two months of good memories, the woman’s family knew their relationship. The girls tell the boy that the time comes. They knew it was to come but hey had no idea it was that soon. They did not say any words of good bye but their hearts knew what to do. Their heart was crushed down and was torn into pieces. They had nothing to lean on but on each others’ heart. Then that was the start of their nightmare. Their hearts of roses sprout its thorns. Even as they stay as friends, they were covered by clouds. Beautiful scenery, a beautiful flower that was once glow withdrew it lusters. Until now, two years had passed, they still did not move on. Hidden feelings still exist. Despite of the clouds that cover, sunshine rise from a distant as their memories reveal their future. Language differs from place to place. Even so, all people have their common interpretation of a word. In critical thinking, language plays a vital role. This will serve a medium to what words to say. The language serves as a tool to be used for a meaning to be imparted. In critical thinking, one must consider of the words to say in which the receiver of the message will fully understand the meaning of the words. For instance that the transmitter and the receiver differs in language and has no common words for it to be understand, the transmitter must consider to think of a gesture or action to communicate exactly the meaning. Thus the language serves as a limiting reagent in critical thinking, not on the aspect of ideas but on the aspect of the ways to communicate. On the other hand, language does limit the expression of our thoughts. When the transmitter will use only pure words to express his thoughts, the language thus limits his expression; when this happen, a different interpretation might occur. A transmitter of the message should consider communicating on the different level of communication where not only words are used to express the thoughts but the use of the body language itself. Even simple eye-to-eye contact will do. This is a big help in expressing ones thoughts or ideas. In persuasion, critical thinking will really help the receiver of the message to be persuaded. A person who thinks critically will be able to choose right words to say that will make the receiver understand his side. Also, in thinking critically, the person will not only consider the good sides but gives a hint on the bad side. In this manner the receiver will not feel bias on the statement. More of it, the transmitter or the persuader will give the good side on the situation. Also, in critical thinking, the persuader will consider the uniqueness of the person he is dealing with. He will choose of the common ground to feel the empathy of his statements. In this manner, the receiver will feel that the person he is dealing really have a good intention for that matter. By all means, critical thinking really helps in persuading a person or delivering ones idea. Work cited: Language (2007). Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 4, 2007 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Language

Child Marriage in Bangladesh Essay

Juvenile marriage has long been an issue in many developing countries where poverty, lack of education and strong cultural traditions and religious beliefs exist. It is most prevalent in – however not restricted to South Asia, especially Bangladesh where studies have shown that the practice of juvenile marriage is most common and severe. Although the legal age of marriage for women in Bangladesh is 18, some girls are married off as young as seven years old mainly as a result of poverty which consumes 55% of the population and also because Bangladesh is a patriarchal society where there overall attitude towards women is â€Å"galay atkano kata† which is translated to â€Å"the spine of a fish stuck in the throat†. In the rural areas of Bangladesh, certain cultural traditions must be preserved as they have been present for centuries and also contribute to juvenile marriage as dowry, which mainly exists in patrilineal societies, determines how much the bride’s parents must pay to the in-laws which varies upon the age of the girl. On the surface, it would seems as though Bangladeshis accept this atrocity and feel quite passive towards it as they are aware that juvenile marriage is being practiced but do not take action against it. Is it because human rights are not universal? Could it be possible that something such as juvenile marriage is overlooked because the vast majority of the population of Bangladesh is not educated and ignorant to such and through intervention, they could benefit from the first world’s input in regards to their sociocultural â€Å"issues†? It is evident that juvenile marriage is very common and equally problematic in South Asia and seems to be an issue which is most present in developing countries for varies reasons which are customized to that particular culture and region. The marriage of a child is illegal in all of the countries in which it takes place and even in spite of actions such as reinforcement of laws opposing to such, juvenile marriage continues, especially in rural, densely populated areas. This is because these societies are anchored by their cultural traditions and beliefs which have been their way of life for centuries, passed down from generation to generation. Bangladesh in particular operates as a patriarchal society and the women, both rural and rban, traditional and modern, are considered the most oppressed in the world because they live in a social system that condones their being granted an inferior status. â€Å"After birth, girls are viewed as a burden to the parental house hold, whereas boys are regarded as an asset. † (White, 1992). The minute they are brought into the world, girls are resented and considered â€Å"not valuable† as they cannot provide for their natural families financially and they will not carr y out the family name, which is very important in Bangladeshi culture. Girls are taught as early as childhood that women should always be under men’s control because the common attitude towards women is that they are weak and vulnerable and they are treated as such. In Bangladeshi society, women are unable to support and protect themselves and male guardianship is necessary to prevent possible rape and this is very important because society places the utmost importance on female sexual purity and this cannot be guaranteed if a woman is without a male guardian as 97% of all rape incidents go unreported and women are subject to brutality and even murder if they do not terminate the pregnancy before it is too late. However, abortions illegal and expensive in Bangladesh and even if a woman can afford to proceed with the termination, they are often malpracticed and result in severe infection, illness and death. Therefore, protection and security is provided (and guaranteed) through marriage and it is also a local belief that younger girls are more obedient and will become devoted to her in-laws’ family more so than her natal family which is logical considering at a young age, the girl would move to her in-law’s and essentially become more attached to her husband’s parents rather than her own. Girls are also forced to terminate any existing education (if there is any at all) when they get married and are expected to take on house hold responsibilities and cater to her in-laws right away and produce children which often results in failed pregnancies or death as they are too young and malnourished. A UNICEF report says: In many parts of South Asia, due to the poor quality of emergency obstetric care and high levels of malnutrition among young women, particularly anemia and stunting, early marriage presents considerably increased risks to life itself. Teenage mothers have a 2-5 times greater risk of maternal death than women aged 20-25 years (UNICEF, 2001: 7) It would seem that a simple and logical solution to this problem would be to continue the girls’ education as it would alleviate some of the social pressure in regards to house hold responsibilities and child-rearing and it would also provide them with life skills and knowledge which could possibly generate a new attitude towards women without disrupting the deeply rooted nature of Bangladeshi cultural traditions. Opportunities for young mothers to continue their education or to work are often limited because they have little access to resources and are responsible for child-rearing and house hold tasks. The women married at early age are more likely than those who are married off as adults to have early, frequent and unplanned pregnancies, typically from lack of contraceptive use. The children of teenage mothers experience serious health consequences as well. A child born to a teenage mother is twice more likely to die before his/her first birth day than the child of a woman in her twenties. If they survive these infants tend to have higher rates of low birth weight, premature birth and infant mortality than those born to older mothers. † (Kamal, 2011: 218). It is evident that there are very harsh social, psychological and health consequences for both women and their children which occur when a girl is married too young, juvenile marriage is not only recognized as a human rights violation, but it is also a barrier to individual and social development. As mentioned above, girls are forced to terminate their education and in most cases they have not even reached secondary level education which shows in the literacy rate among men and women which is not surprising – 38. 1% rate for women, versus the 55. 6% rate for men. Considering Bangladesh’s dense population, this is quite a significant amount of women who have received education. A study by Farah Chowdhury of the Rajshahi Univeristy in Bangladesh shows the education level of men and women in the village of Chamrabo which is in the Narshingdi District (located 30 miles from Dhaka, the capital city). Her studies indicate that: Out of a population of 261, 130 men and 131 women not including children under six years of age, fifteen of the men and 25 of the women were illiterate. Most of the villagers, both make and female, have had at least minimal schooling. Sixty-two men and 70 women completed primary education (Grades 1-5); and 24 men and 18 women secondary education (Grades 6-10). Five men had a secondary School Certificate (SSC), four a Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) and one a college degree. Only one woman had an SSC and none a HSC or college degree (Chowdhury, 2004: 247). Poverty is ften a determining factor regarding education and it can be linked to the age at which a girl is married; if a family is poverty stricken, they will marry off their daughter(s) as early as possible to decrease the size of the dowry. In some cases this age could be as young as seven or younger, according to Chowdhury, the belief in some Bangladeshi villages is that seven is a suitable age for girls to marry and that girls of nine are already old and may be subject to abuse or harassment due to shame they might inflict on themselves and their families as a result of not being desirable for marriage. Naturally parents prefer to marry off their daughters before the girls are regarded as old. † â€Å"†¦ Furthermore, young girls are thought to have greater sexual and procreative power than older girls, and to be less risk of miscarriage. † (Chowdhury, 2004: 247). Although the rate of poverty in Bangladesh has decreased over the recent years, 55% of the population lives below the poverty line and among those, 27% live in extreme poverty. Most of those affected by poverty live in rural and semi urban areas where they cannot afford to send their children to school. However, the problem goes both ways as the Bangladeshi education system also faces challenges such as funding, inflexibility, insufficient ratio of skilled teachers to schools and lack of resources. In recent years, NGO’s like ‘Because I am a Girl’ and ‘Human Rights and Education Program for Women (HERP)’ recognized the deficit of education facilities and have stepped in to rehabilitate the education sector of Bangladesh to create an accessible and affordable system which does not discriminate against women but in fact encourages the enrollment female students by employing female teachers. NGO schools are well resourced, with a network that extends to the remotest part of the country. There schools facilitate the integration of students from economically and socially vulnerable communities, operate at times that are suitable for students (many of whom work during the day or at specific times of the year), offer small class size (with teacher-student r atios of one to thirty), and ensure and interactive learning environment. † (Arndt, Hastings, †¦ & Woods, 2005). Since patriarchal societies such as Bangladesh are very concerned about a women’s personality as they see it as a challenge and do almost anything to contain it, it seems quite logical that girls are pulled out of school early due to marriage as it disables them from knowing anything else outside of their inferiority. It also helps to diffuse the rate at which self-discovery happens by marrying the girls off at a young age which decreases their future opportunities of education and furthermore, they become more submissive to their husbands and simply accept the life they are forced to live as they do not know any other way. Their great, great grandmothers did the same and it is a tradition that has been passed down by many generations. However, with this system in place there is some hope. The educational sector’s main goal and aspiration is to break the cycle of dependent women and rid them of their inferior status. Through education, women can learn how to be self-reliant and resourceful, they will be taught personal development and will understand their bodies as well as become aware of their rights as women. This is interesting because these opportunities could spark a new generation of women who will not tolerate their subjective social roles which could lead to protests and other actions against gender exploitation and oppression. It is not something that would happen overnight of course, possibly over a few decades women would start to realize their worth and become bold enough to speak out and protest but even still, education alone cannot change the rich, traditional cultural soil in which the beliefs of society is so firmly planted. Knowledge will empower the women of Bangladesh but it will not change their sociocultural position and it does not change the existing issue of poverty. Even if the education is provided and accessible, the issue of poverty is still present and as long as poverty exists, poor parents will be inclined to marry their daughters as early as possible to decrease the amount of the dowry owed to the groom’s family. As discussed above, traditional cultural values and beliefs outweigh all other potential blames to child marriage even though poverty seems to be the main cause, it is simply a scratch at the surface to the bigger picture. It would seem as though Bangladeshis practicing juvenile marriage are doing so because they feel it is a divine command and in not doing so they are exempt from society and victims of harassment, dishonor and shame. However, if we examine the situation carefully, we will see that the locals are not marrying their daughters off as young as possible simply to decrease the dowry, it is mostly because of their traditional beliefs about fertility in relation to age. Therefore, juvenile marriage cannot be directly linked to poverty because the strong influence of local beliefs is almost certainly the main cause as ethnic communities are inclined to trust their beliefs as well as respect and preserve their traditions. The locals of rural Bangladesh have relied on the same superstitions, methods and practices for centuries, it is deeply embedded in their culture and essentially it is the glue that holds them all together. Bangladeshi officials are aware that juvenile marriage is taking place in the rural areas and they recognize this as a punitive crime but they do not risk interfering or tampering with such rituals as it could lead to an even bigger problem such as the collapse of a society. It is a local belief that if a woman’s marriage is prevented or interrupted, the woman has been a victim of sorcery and she must be exiled from the community. In most cases these women are children and they are taken outside of the village to remote areas, blindfolded and left there with no food or means of survival which results in death. The girl’s family is said to be subject to harassment, and if they have other children, they will be considered socially condemned and will not be desirable by other in the village to marry. It is also believed that the parents will inherit the age of the girl in years of bad luck, example: if the child was five years old, the parents will inherit five years of bad luck. So, Bangladesh will continue to suffer as a result of such an intricately woven culture, everything is connected and affected by their belief system which makes for a fragile society. In conclusion, juvenile marriage is a violation of human rights and has physical, intellectual, psychological and emotional implications for the young brides. It deprives girls of their childhood and adolescence where crucial development occurs and this is important for the promotion of good mental and sexual health. From an outsider’s point of view, the issue of juvenile marriage seems easy enough to â€Å"fix† with a simple prescription of proper education and the implication of Western knowledge and sociocultural values but it is not that easy to undo centuries of rich and complex cultural values, in other words, we cannot use the †Band-Aid† approach to cover up an issue which needs to be addressed internally. So how can we prevent juvenile marriage? An obvious solution is to change the male views and attitudes towards women which can be addressed by including women’s studies and sexual/personal development in the syllabus of primary and higher levels of education. Also, the state should see that sufficient measures are put in place to ensure that women have the same rights and obligations to look after their natural families both financially and physically because if this became a strong social value, then girls would not be considered a burden to their families and this would increase their sociocultural â€Å"value†. Finally, the belief that women are weak and vulnerable is the result of the lack of social security provided for women in Bangladesh so if the state cannot ensure the security of women, then naturally the people (especially the men) of Bangladesh will be reassured in their beliefs of women and that they are in constant need of protection of their male guardians which will further encourage the practice of child marriage.

Women study written project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women study written project - Essay Example Still, they find jobs for themselves because of the awareness brought to them by the feminist theories. They want to come out of the confinement of their houses to work at par with men. But, they have to face harassment by men, which decreases their job performance and job satisfaction. They are forced to do as the employer says or are forced to face adverse circumstances if they refuse. For example, minority women suffer from sexual harassment because they belong to minority groups. Hence, they face double jeopardy, as found by Berdahl and Moore (426) in their research. They assert that â€Å"Women experienced more sexual harassment than men, minorities experienced more ethnic harassment than Whites, and minority women experienced more harassment overall than majority men, minority men, and majority women† (Berdahl and Moore 426). Hence, sexual harassment is one of the biggest problems that women face at the workplace. Domestic or spousal abuse is defined as the abuse in which one spouse makes his counterpart undergo physical or mental mistreatment so that he may demonstrate his influence and authority. Women are prone to domestic violence than men. It is hard for women to end domestic violence once it starts. Men maltreat their wives to satisfy their pride, and also act loving at times to keep the latter stay in the relationship so as to give the impression that they have improved, which does not happen. Eventually, the frustration leads to hatred and rebellion developing within the women. Domestic violence is a form of gender violence (Berdahl and Moore 260), and it leads to stark mental problems and emotional breakdowns due to which the women may plan to abandon or kill their partners. Divorce rates are also on the rise, and one of the main reasons for this is domestic violence. If the couple has children, domestic

Politics, the Role of Good Governance Assignment

Politics, the Role of Good Governance - Assignment Example The discussion focuses on the role of democracy in influencing the overall development of low-income countries. It also precisely outlines the performance of these countries after their independence and acceptance of a democratic system. There are various forms of governance system such as monarchy, dictatorship and democratic practiced by different nations around the world. However, since last few decades’, democratic form of governance systems has gained tremendous popularity and is widely favored by both people and experts, especially in low-income or developing countries. Most of the nations around the world have either already transformed their governance system into a democracy, or they are observed as endeavoring to transfer their governance system into a democratic structure. One of the best definitions for the term was given by U.S. President Mr. Abraham Lincoln, which states democracy as â€Å"government of the people, by the people and for the people†. It should be noted in this regard that the word ‘democracy’ primarily focuses on the people and not on the government2. The world is now more democratic than it was ever before. After the independence of many Asian and African nations, countries have adopted a democratic system of government in the face of intense poverty and relentless social as well as economic apprehensions. Nonetheless, democratization in low-income countries has resulted in positive outcomes in several fronts, especially in achieving universal primary education and eliminating gender disparities in access of basic education. The democratization in low-income countries has indeed helped them to reduce child mortality rate and a poverty rate that was likely being faced by many developing countries before democratization.  The spread of democratization along with the integration of world economy through globalization process and the dramatic technology revolution have accumulatively contributed in an increased potential of the low-income countries for improving the lifestyle of the citizens ensuring greater human freedom and well- being.

Organization Structures & Communication policies Essay

Organization Structures & Communication policies - Essay Example (Portfolio Managers). It is also evident that the work of Jane involves portfolio mgt to small clients. Therefore it is father ambiguous that she also reports to the same Portfolio Managers who had their own clients. In the case of Dylan the same situation exists when he subdivided on daily reports to Joseph the field Manager in terms of contracts and Bristol the general Manager. In both of this cases the Companies should establish a clear chain of command of Dylan and June in terms of communication (upward communication and downward communication). The about the organization structure in company K is centralized, thus Dylan has to coordinate activities by use of North America office. The disparity in geographical region brings about the anomaly about international communication in responding to client's proposal, making it more complex and difficult to meet clients demand. The communication process has it that, for organizations to function, individuals and teams must coordinate their efforts and activities carefully. The football coach for example has to tell his team what plays to run. Therefore lack of key communication channels manufactures poor co-ordination leading to poor personnel and organization performance. Communication is social glue that keeps companies together. (Bristol Ito/Azuna Gichin and Tanaka) any information for contracts has to be approved accurately to the rigid chain described as their order. For Jane any decision has to pass through the Branch Manager but little mention is that of the head office. It seems the CTF is a bit decentralized in terms of decision-making. For instance when Jane requires to being a Certified Financial Planner, she approaches the Manager instead of the Head office. A Critical Exposition One shortcoming in embracing Matrix structures in management of organization's is that it waters the principals of good communication flow in organizations. Since communicating with employees is inclined towards a centralized approach. According to Walton business philosophy, communication is presupposed to be open minded," Sam's Rule for building a business" supports that you should Communicate everything you possibly can to you partners. The more they know, the more they understand the more they'll care. Once they care, there is no stopping them. K group of Companies however fails to achieve a business model that harmonizes activities due to the setup that has been exploded in different geographical backgrounds hampering the effective flow of information. For example Company K is contracted with a monumental project, the management portfolio, is designated to Joseph who is based in Vancouver. The company goes ahead making decisions from respective regions without following better communication channels. This is evident when the client is put in darkness thus breaching the communication protocol. Motivation Theory. Traditionally someone who gets a new job receives not only a salary but also a standard set of fringe benefits such a health insurance, life insurances, a paid vacation and a retirement plan. These days however, these basic benefits are not enough to bring job prospects through the door. The incentives that motivate today's employees are far more varied and in many cases, truly lavish. Both companies seemingly provide for esteem needs. Dylan feels the office held does not have sufficient authority to go